Dr. Markus Schmid
Department für Mikrobielle Ökologie
Universität Wien
Althanstr. 14
A-1090 Wien
Austria
 
phone: +43 1 4277 54207
fax: +43 1 4277 54389
email:
 
Since graduation the focus of my research was on studying microbial processes and key players in the nitrogen cycle. I started with the detection of aerobic ammonia oxidizers in waste water treatment systems. Later my main interest shifted towards anaerobic ammonium oxidation in a large variety of environments like waste water, freshwater, soil and marine habitats. Recently, I started to study eukaryotic denitrification of benthic Foraminifera.
In the future I will develop methods in microscopy for the detection of bacteria and their physiology in different environments and continue my work on N-cycle processes.
 
Publications in peer reviewed journals
  1. Haider S, Wagner M, Schmid MC, Sixt BS, Christian JG, Häcker G, Pichler P, Mechtler K, Müller A, Baranyi C, Toenshoff ER, Montanaro J, Horn M. 2010. Raman microspectroscopy reveals long-term extracellular activity of chlamydiae. Mol. Microbiol. 77: 687-700.
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     Highlighted in Nature [PDF]
     Supporting information [PDF]
  2. Lam P, Lavik G, Jensen MM, van de Vossenberg J, Schmid MC, Woebken D, Gutiérrez D, Amann R, Jetten MS, Kuypers MM. 2009. Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106: 4752-4757.
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  3. Pavlekovic M, Schmid MC, Schmider-Poignee N, Spring S, Pilhofer M, Gaul T, Fiandaca M, Löffler FE, Jetten M, Schleifer KH, Lee NM. 2009. Optimization of three FISH procedures for in situ detection of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria in biological wastewater treatment. J. Microbiol. Methods 78: 119-126.
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  4. Byrne N, Strous M, Crépeau V, Kartal B, Birrien JL, Schmid MC, Lesongeur F, Schouten S, Jaeschke A, Jetten M, Prieur D, Godfroy A.. 2009. Presence and activity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents ISME J. 3: 117-123.
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  5. Schmid MC, Hooper AB, Klotz MG, Woebken D, Lam P, Kuypers MM, Pommerening-Roeser A, Op den Camp HJ, Jetten MS.. 2008. Environmental detection of octahaem cytochrome c hydroxylamine/hydrazine oxidoreductase genes of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria Environ Microbiol. 10: 3140-3149.
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  6. Klotz MG, Schmid MC, Strous M, op den Camp HJ, Jetten MS, Hooper AB. 2008. Evolution of an octaheme cytochrome c protein family that is key to aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidation by bacteria. Environ Microbiol. 10: 3150-3163.
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  7. Kartal B, van Niftrik L, Rattray J, van de Vossenberg JL, Schmid MC, Sinninghe Damsté J, Jetten MS, Strous M.. 2008. Candidatus 'Brocadia fulgida': an autofluorescent anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 63: 46-55.
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  8. Zhang Y, Ruan XH, Op den Camp HJ, Smits TJ, Jetten MS, Schmid MC. 2007. Diversity and abundance of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium - oxidizing bacteria in freshwater sediments of the Xinyi River (China). Environ Microbiol. 9: 2375-2382.
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  9. Schmid MC, Risgaard-Petersen N, van de Vossenberg J, Kuypers MM, Lavik G, Petersen J, Hulth S, Thamdrup B, Canfield D, Dalsgaard T, Rysgaard S, Sejr MK, Strous M, den Camp HJ, Jetten MS.. 2007. Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in marine environments: widespread occurrence but low diversity Environ Microbiol. 9: 1476-1484.
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  10. Kartal B, Rattray J, van Niftrik LA, van de Vossenberg J, Schmid MC, Webb RI, Schouten S, Fuerst JA, Damsté JS, Jetten MS, Strous M. 2007. Candidatus “Anammoxoglobus propionicus” a new propionate oxidizing species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria Syst Appl Microbiol. 30: 39-49.
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  11. Risgaard-Petersen N, Langezaal AM, Ingvardsen S, Schmid MC, Jetten MS, Op den Camp HJ, Derksen JW, Piña-Ochoa E, Eriksson SP, Nielsen LP, Revsbech NP, Cedhagen T, van der Zwaan GJ. 2006. Evidence for complete denitrification in a benthic foraminifer Nature 443: 93-96.
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  12. Haaijer SC, Van der Welle ME, Schmid MC, Lamers LP, Jetten MS, Op den Camp HJ. 2006. Evidence for the involvement of betaproteobacterial Thiobacilli in the nitrate-dependent oxidation of iron sulfide minerals FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 58: 439-448.
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  13. Ruan XH, Zhang Y, Schmid MC, Smits T, Zhao ZH. 2006. In situ identification of ANAMMOX bacteria in freshwater sediments Huan Jing Ke Xue 27: 1420-1423.
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  14. Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, Guven D, van Niftrik LA, Haaijer SC, van der Star WR, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Cabezas A, Ying Z, Schmid MC, Kuypers MM, van de Vossenberg J, Harhangi HR, Picioreanu C, van Loosdrecht MC, Kuenen JG, Strous M, Jetten MS.. 2006. Global impact and application of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria Biochem Soc Trans. 34: 174-178.
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  15. Strous M, Pelletier E, Mangenot S, Rattei T, Lehner A, Taylor MW, Horn M, Daims H, Bartol-Mave D, Wincker P, Barbe V, Fonknechten N, Vallenet D, Segurens B, Schenowitz-Truong C, Médigue C, Collingro A, Snel B, Dutilh BE, Op den Camp HJM, van der Drift C, Cirpus I, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Harhangi HR, van Niftrik L, Schmid MC, Keltjens J, van de Vossenberg J, Kartal B, Meier H, Frishman D, Huynen MA, Mewes HW, Weissenbach J, Jetten MSM, Wagner M, Le Paslier D. 2006. Deciphering the evolution and metabolism of an anammox bacterium from a community genome. Nature 440: 790-794.
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     Supplementary material [PDF]
  16. Raghoebarsing AA, Smolders AJ, Schmid MC, Rijpstra WI, Wolters-Arts M, Derksen J, Jetten MS, Schouten S, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Lamers LP, Roelofs JG, Op den Camp HJ, Strous M. 2005. Methanotrophic symbionts provide carbon for photosynthesis in peat bogs Nature 436: 1153-1156.
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  17. Jetten M, Schmid MC, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Sinninghe Damsté J, Strous M. 2005. Anammox organisms: enrichment, cultivation, and environmental analysis Methods Enzymol. 397: 34-57.
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  18. Third KA, Paxman J, Schmid MC, Strous M, Jetten MS, Cord-Ruwisch R. 2005. Treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater using partial nitrification and anammox in the CANON process Water Sci Technol. 52: 47-54.
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  19. Third KA, Paxman J, Schmid MC, Strous M, Jetten MS, Cord-Ruwisch R. 2005. Enrichment of anammox from activated sludge and its application in the CANON process Microb Ecol. 49: 236-244.
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  20. Güven D, Dapena A, Kartal B, Schmid MC, Maas B, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Sozen S, Mendez R, Op den Camp HJ, Jetten MS, Strous M, Schmidt I. 2005. Propionate Oxidation and Methanol Inhibition of the Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 1066-1071.
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  21. Kuypers MM, Lavik G, Woebken D, Schmid MC, Fuchs BM, Amann R, Jørgensen BB, Jetten MS. 2005. Massive nitrogen loss from the Benguela upwelling system through anaerobic ammonium oxidation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102: 6478-6483.
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  22. Jetten MS, Cirpus I, Kartal B, van Niftrik L, van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Sliekers O, Haaijer S, van der Star W, Schmid MC, van de Vossenberg J, Schmidt I, Harhangi H, van Loosdrecht M, Gijs Kuenen J, Op den Camp H, Strous M. 2005. 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium Biochem Soc Trans. 33: 119-123.
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  23. Van de Pas-Schoonen KT, Schalk-Otte S, Haaijer S, Schmid MC, Op den Camp H, Strous M, Gijs Kuenen J, Jetten MS.. 2005. Complete conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen gas in co-cultures of denitrifying bacteria Biochem Soc Trans. 33: 205-209.
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  24. Nielsen M, Bollmann A, Sliekers O, Jetten M, Schmid MC, Strous M, Schmidt I, Larsen LH, Nielsen LP, Revsbech NP. 2005. Kinetics, diffusional limitation and microscale distribution of chemistry and organisms in a CANON reactor FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 51: 247-256.
  25. Schmid MC,Maas B, Dapena A,van de Pas-Schoonen K, van de Vossenberg J, Kartal B, van Niftrik L, Schmidt I, Cirpus I, Kuenen JG, Wagner M, Damste JSS, Kuypers M, Revsbech NP, Mendez R, Jetten MSM, Strous M. 2005. Biomarkers for in situ detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (ANAMMOX) bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 1677-1684.
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  26. Guven D, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Schmid MC, Strous M, Jetten MSM, Sozen S, Orhon D, Schmidt I. 2004. Implementation of the Anammox Process for Improved Nitrogen Removal J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 39: 1729-1738.
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  27. Kartal B, van Niftrik L, Sliekers O, Schmid MC, Schmidt I, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Cirpus I, van der Star W, van Loosdrecht M, Abma W, Kuenen J G, Mulder J-W, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp H, Strous M, van de Vossenberg J. 2004. Application, eco-physiology and biodiversity of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria Rev. Environ. Sci. technol. 3: 255-264.
  28. Mohan SB, Schmid MC, Jetten M, Cole J. 2004. Detection and widespread distribution of the nrfA gene encoding nitrite reduction to ammonia, a short circuit in the Biological Nitrogen Cycle that competes with denitrification FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 49: 433-443.
  29. Risgaard-Petersen N, Meyer RL, Schmid MC, Jetten MSM, Enrich-Prast A, Rysgaard S, Revsbech NP. 2004. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation in an estuarine sediment Aquatic Microbial Ecology 36: 293-304.
  30. Sliekers AO, Haaijer S, Schmid MC, Harhangi H, Verwegen K, Kuenen JG, Jetten MS. 2004. Nitrification and Anammox with Urea as the Energy source Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 27: 271-278.
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  31. Schmidt I, Sliekers O, Schmid MC, Bock E, Fuerst J, Kuenen JG, Jetten MS, Strous M. 2003. New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27: 481-492.
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  32. Schmid MC, Walsh K, Webb R, Rijpstra WI, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Verbruggen MJ, Hill T, Moffett B, Fuerst J, Schouten S, Damsté JS, Harris J, Shaw P, Jetten M, Strous M. 2003. Candidatus "Scalindua brodae", sp. nov., Candidatus "Scalindua wagneri", sp. nov., two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 529-538.
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  33. Kuypers MM, Sliekers AO, Lavik G, Schmid MC, Jørgensen BB, Kuenen JG, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Strous M, Jetten MS. 2003. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea Nature 422: 608-611.
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  34. Jetten MS, Sliekers O, Kuypers M, Dalsgaard T, van Niftrik L, Cirpus I, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Lavik G, Thamdrup B, Le Paslier D, Op den Camp HJ, Hulth S, Nielsen LP, Abma W, Third K, Engstrom P, Kuenen JG, Jorgensen BB, Canfield DE, Sinninghe Damste JS, Revsbech NP, Fuerst J, Weissenbach J, Wagner M, Schmidt I, Schmid MC, Strous M. 2003. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by marine and freshwater planctomycete-like bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech. 63: 107–114.
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  35. Schmid MC, Thill A, Purkhold U, Walcher M, Bottero JY, Ginestet P, Nielsen PH, Wuertz S, Wagner M. 2003. Characterization of activated sludge flocs by confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis. Wat. Res. 37: 2043–2052.
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  36. Schmidt I, Sliekers O, Schmid MC, Cirpus I, Strous M, Bock E, Kuenen JG, Jetten MSM. 2002. Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria – competitors or natural partners? FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 39: 175-181.
  37. Helmer-Madhok C, Schmid MC, Filipov E, Gaul T, Hippen A, Rosenwinkel KH, Seyfried CF, Wagner M, Kunst S. 2002. Deammonification in biofilm systems: Population structure and function. Wat. Sci. Tech. 46: 223-231.
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  38. Jetten MSM, Schmid MC, Schmidt I, Wubben M, van Dongen U, Abma W, Sliekers O, Peter Revsbech N, Beaumont HJE, Ottosen L, Volcke E, Laanbroek HJ, Campos-Gomez JL, Cole J, van Loosdrecht M, Mulder JW, Fuerst J, Richardson D, van de Pas K, Mendez-Pampin R,. 2002. Improved nitrogen removal by application of new nitrogen-cycle bacteria. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 1: 51–63.
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  39. Steidle A, Sigl K, Schuhegger R, Ihring A, Schmid MC, Gantner S, Stoffels M, Riedel K, Givskov M, Hartmann A, Langebartels C, Eberl L. 2001. Visualization of N-acylhomoserine lactone-mediated cell-cell communication between bacteria colonizing the tomato rhizosphere Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5761-5770.
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  40. Schmid MC, Schmitz-Esser S, Jetten M, Wagner M. 2001. 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer and 23S rDNA of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers: implications for phylogeny and in situ detection. Environ. Microbiol. 3: 450-459.
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  41. Sorokin D, Tourova T, Schmid MC, Wagner M, Koops HP, Kuenen JG, Jetten M. 2001. Isolation and properties of obligately chemolithoautotrophic and extremely alkalitolerant ammonia oxidizing bacteria from Mongolian soda lakes. Arch. Microbiol. 176: 170-177.
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  42. Purkhold U, Pommerening-Röser A, Juretschko S, Schmid MC, Koops HP, Wagner M. 2000. Phylogeny of all recognized species of ammonia-oxidizers based on comparative 16S rRNA and amoA sequence analysis: implications for molecular diversity surveys. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5368-5382.
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  43. Schmid MC, Twachtmann U, Klein M, Strous M, Juretschko S, Jetten M, Metzger JW, Schleifer KH, Wagner M. 2000. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Syst. Appl. Microbiol 23: 93-106.
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  44. Helmer C, Kunst S, Juretschko S, Schmid MC, Schleifer KH, Wagner M . 1999. Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying biofilm system. Wat. Sci. Tech. 39: 13-21.
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  45. Juretschko S, Timmermann G, Schmid MC, Schleifer KH, Pommerening-Roser A, Koops HP, Wagner M. 1998. Combined molecular and conventional analyses of nitrifying bacterium diversity in activated sludge: Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrospira-like bacteria as dominant populations. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3042-3051.
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Book chapters and other publications
  1. Daims H, Maixner F, Schmid MC. 2009. The nitrifying microbes: Ammonia oxidizers, nitrite oxidizers, and anaerobic ammonium oxidizers. In FISH Handbook for Biological Wastewater Treatment: Identification and quantification of microorganisms in activated sludge and biofilms by FISH, pp. 9-17. (Nielsen PH, Daims H, Lemmer H, ed.). IWA Publishing, London, UK.
  2. Kartal B, van der Star W R L, Schmid MC, van de Pas-Schoonen K, Picioreanu C, Abma W R, Op den Camp H, Jetten MS, van Loosdrecht M M, M Strous. 2007. Anammox process: state of the art In CLONIC 07-Closing the Nitrogen Cycle, pp. 8-21. (J Colprim, ed.). Barcelona: Cespa.
  3. Jetten MSM, Schmid MC, Schmidt I, Van Loosdrecht M, Abma W, Kuenen JG, Mulder J W, Strous M.. 2004. Biodiversity and application of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria In European Symposium on Environmental Biotechnology, pp. 21-26. (Verstraete W, ed.). Taylor & Francis Group, London.
  4. Schmid MC, Schmitz-Esser S, Jetten M, Wagner M. 2001. The rDNA operon of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria: Implications for phylogeny and in situ detection In Der Stickstoff im Wasser/Abwasser, pp. 7-19. (Metzger J W, ed.). Oldenbourg Industrieverlag GmbH, München.

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